Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Critique - Essay Example The strong dialogue delivery by the actors and their performances has played a key role in making this movie an exceptional one. It is impossible to make an exceptional movie with an utmost perfection without an excellent direction and a strong story. Joel Coen and Ethan Coen have perfectly represented the deteriorated situation of law and order of New Mexico. The film contains all the elements present in a western society with no law and greater violence filled with hatred and agony that is so visible from the way the directors have represented the perfect western violated society. The movie has the perfect cinematography, editing and shot composition that together have made this movie a flawless masterpiece. Every shot is captured beautifully. For example Moss is hunting when he spots a hunting dog. Here the scene â€Å"Cuts to† the far away scene of four to five pickup trucks; with opened doors and no people in it. Then it again cut to the scene of Moss standing in between the dead bodies and the dead dog. The balance and the sequence between the shots are clearly visible. Another example of a glorious sequence is when Moss starts heading along the tire tracks which is hardly visible in the tall grass, the scene cuts to the place where Moss spots the tree where he thought that the man with the money would have stopped, then its cuts again and Moss is seen on the dead body of that man. From there is gets into his car, within a second in his home and the other second he is shown talking to his wife. The entire sequence is flawless and captivating. The movie has shown so much blood-filled scenes that may be something that few of the audience may find it hard to watch. The directors have tried their best to go with the novel without any alteration; only where it was necessary for them to change. This has enhanced the strong screenplay of the movie. The

Travel Motivation For Young Tourists

Travel Motivation For Young Tourists Tourism is one of the industries that are significant to the global economy last few decades. Yet, the changing of the travel trend recently leads to the economic growth. The changes are cause by the youth travelling frequency and the travel periods. They tend to travel more frequently and for longer periods, thus these groups of people become an increasingly important segment of the global tourism industry. Richards and Wilson (2003) indicate that, Youth and student travel has been an important cornerstone of the international travel market for over 50 years it is only the recent explosive growth of the international students population that has thrust this market into the spotlight. From the World Tourism Organization (WTO) report as cited in Taiyab (2005), international trips taken by young travelers grew from 14.6% in 1980 to 20% in 2001, and reach 25% in 2005. According to the Federation of International Youth Travel Organizations reports as cited in Kim, Jogaratnam and Noh (2006), from the 140 million of international tourist arrivals per year, 20 percent of them are the young tourists. Youth Travel Market The WTO defines that the young travelers are between 16 to 25 years old who take a trip involving at least one nights stay. However, Canada expanded the definition to include young adults of between 26 to 30 years old (Taiyab, 2005). Taiyab (2005) indicates that youth travel markets are being categorized into 2 independent youth travel and youth group travel. There are different characteristics, motivations and product requirement among these 2 groups to fulfill or suit their needs and wants. Independent youth travel also known as independent youth travelers, free independent youth travelers, foreign independent travelers or backpackers. They usually travel to a place either in a small informal group or alone. Most of them are internet savvy, they will search the information for that particular travel destination via internet, so that the pre-trip planning can be well arranged. The distance of the travel destination normally will be very far away from their home and it takes a longer period because they want to gain experience, increase their knowledge and explore different cultures at different environments. Besides, they tend to be price sensitive for travelling expenses including the food, accommodation and etc. While for the youth travel group, it is formed by a group of 6 young people or more that are travelling together. This category is divided into 2 groups which are the school-based youth group travel and non-school-based youth group travel. Generally, school-based youth group travel is related to the curriculum or co-curricular activities such as school societies, music performance, sport competition, educational tours, cultural exchange trips and so forth. Those activities are carried out in a group structure and accompanied by teachers or school personnel. In the other hand, non-school-based youth group travel is also in a group structure, it may occurred in smaller groups, but the activities are organized by the societies outside of the school such as sports team, church group, cultural or musical performance troupe, Scouts or Girl Guides, youth club and more. The group will be led by parents or other adults. Literature Review of Travel Motivation 2.1 Motivation Gnoth, 1997 (as cited in Yoon and Uysal, 2005) defined that motivation is an internal and external motives. An internal motive is connected with drives, feelings, and instincts while external motive involves mental representations such as knowledge or beliefs. Motivation is the driving force behind all aspects of human behavior (Fodness, 1994, as cited in Petersen, 2009). Motivation is the fundamental for the development of tourism, it could not exist without any interest or the need to travel (Murphy, 1985, as cited in Bonera, n.d.). 2.2 Travel Motivation Travel motivations defined as the global integrating network of biological and cultural forces which gives value and direction to travel choices, behavior and experience (Pearce, Morrison Rutledge, 1998 as cited by Banerjea, n.d.). According to Crompton McKay, 1997, as cited in Petersen, 2009, travel motivation can be understood as a dynamic process of internal psychological factors which create an unbalanced equilibrium in the individual, and this is what brings the person to travel. Tourism motivation is a multi-motive dimensional (Zhang and Marcusen, 2007). When choosing a certain destination, people will often have more than one motive to visit the place. For example, a person may choose Pangkor Island with a motive of relaxation in a pleasant safe place combined with visiting a local historical heritage. The Theory of Travel Motivation Maslows Hierarchy Theory According to Maslow (1943) as cited in Banerjea (n.d) there are five needs to form a hierarchy based on Maslows Hierarchy Theory, progressing from the lower to the higher needs. The lower needs are physiological, safety, belonging and love. Self-esteem and self-actualization would be the higher needs. Maslow stated that if the lower needs are fulfilled, the individual would be motivated by needs and proceeds to the next level of the hierarchy. For example, a person would not travel to the country that is infected by H1N1, he or she will only visit the particular destination whenever it is safe. Four Motivational Needs Beard and Ragheb (1983) as cited in Banerjea (n.d) stated four motivational needs as derived from the work of Maslow (1970) which are the intellectual component, the social component, the competency-mastery component, and the stimulus-avoidance component. Intellectual component assesses the extent of individuals involve in leisure activities such as learning, exploring, discovering, thought or imagining. The social component assesses the extent of individuals engage in leisure activities for social reasons such as the need for friendship and interpersonal relationships and the need for the esteem of others. The competence-mastery component assesses the extent of individuals engage in leisure activities in order to achieve, master, challenge and compete. The stimulus-avoidance component of leisure motivation assesses the drive to escape and get away from over-stimulating life situations such as the need for some individuals to avoid social contacts, to seek solitude and calm condition s and others. Factors that Motivated Young Tourist to Travel Pull and Push Model Dann (1977) as cited in Bonera (2008) proposed a two level scheme of factors that motivate young tourists in the travel decision making process: push and pull factors. Young tourists are motivated to travel because of the pull and pushed factors. The idea of the push-pull model is the decomposition of a young tourists choice of destination into two forces (Bansal and Eiselt, 2004). The internal or psychological forces pushed young tourists to make travel decision while the external forces of the destination attributes pulled young tourists to travel to that particular place (Crompton, 1979; Dann, 1977; Uysal Jurowski, 1994 as cited in Yoon and Uysal, 2005). The pull motivations are more connected to emotional aspects whereas push motivations are related to cognitive aspects (Yoon and Uysal, 2005). Push factors are intangible factors that pushes a tourist away from home, while pull factors are tangible characteristics pulling tourists towards the destination (Andreu, Bigne ´, Coop er, 2000, as cited in Jonsson and Devonish, 2008). Push factors are intrinsic desires of the young tourist such as the desire for escape, rest and relaxation, adventure, health, or prestige while pull factors are related to the attractiveness of a given destination such as beaches, accommodation and recreational facilities, and cultural and historical resources (Uysal and Jurowski 1994 as cited in Chi and Sung, 2008). Reasons of Young Tourist Travel Young tourists have their very own reasons to travel, which the reasons can be internally or externally (McGhee, Loker-Murphy, Uysal, 1996 as cited in Yoon and Uysal, 2005). The young tourist will go for traveling because of push motivations such as the desire for escape (e.g. getting away from school or job, escape from responsibilities, reduce stress, being away from demands at home, get a chance to be free, being physically or emotionally refreshed, experience a simpler lifestyle and etc), rest and relaxation (e.g. doing nothing at all, getting a change from a busy work, to relax, to enjoy good weather and etc), health and fitness (e.g. get close to nature, engage in sports, view sport events and etc), adventure and social interaction (e.g. being daring and adventuresome, finding thrills, meeting new friends and local people, rediscovering oneself and etc) , family togetherness (e.g. visiting friends and relatives, being together as a family, visiting places where family came from and etc), and excitement(e.g. being physically active, finding excitements and etc). The pull motivations that affected the young tourists are sun and beaches (e.g. warm and sunny weather, sea and beaches and etc), natural environment (e.g. rivers/lakes/streams, snow or mountains, beautiful scenery and landscapes, quiet rest area and etc), time and cost (e.g. travel time, good value for the cost, easy accessibility, convenient transportation, availability of information about a destination and etc), cultural and historical resources (e.g. educational opportunities, learning something new or increasing knowledge, experiencing a new culture or new life-style or new destination or exotic food and etc). Conclusion In a nutshell, young tourists are gaining markets in the tourism industry. Tourism industry is become more important to great benefits to the society and enhances economies of each country. It helps to develop the country with the infrastructure development, inflow of foreign currency, increases job opportunities and others. On top of that, the government will focus on the panning, management and evaluation of tourism industry development. Travel becomes more important and indispensable among young people in their live as it can satisfy young people needs and wants. In addition, individual development can be achieved via certain enchantments of the travel such as improving their knowledge, understand the other countries cultural and heritage.

Gains from trade using supply and demand analysis :: essays research papers

The diagram shows Japan can produce camcorders at lower costs - its supply curve is lower than the UK. This means that Japan has a comparative advantage in producing camcorders. In the absence of international trade between the two countries, British consumers would have to buy at a higher equilibrium price than Japanese consumers. Since Japan is more efficient, it makes sense for Japan to specialise in production of camcorders and export their surplus output to the UK at a lower free trade price. At the intermediate price shown in the diagram, (the free trade price) Japan sells exports to the UK for a higher price but this is still lower than the UK equilibrium price. Japan receives revenue from the sale of these exports. UK consumers can now buy more camcorders at a lower price and have more choice in the market We are ignoring transportation costs between the two countries and we are assuming that the resources that were previously allocated to producing camcorders in the UK can be reallocated to other industries (i.e. resources are assumed to be occupationally mobile). Free trade, interchange of commodities across political frontiers without restrictions such as tariffs, quotas, or foreign exchange controls. This economic policy contrasts with protectionist policies that use such restrictions to protect or stimulate domestic industries. In this article I will discuss the positive and negative effects of free trade. Trade can lead to an improvement in overall economic welfare if countries specialize in the products in which they have a production advantage. Trade allows businesses to exploit economies of scale by operating in international markets. International competition stimulates higher efficiency and reduces monopoly power. Trade enhances consumer choice and international competition between suppliers helps to keep prices down. Trade in ideas stimulates product and process innovations that generates better products for consumers and enhances the overall standard of living. Negative effects: Within countries, the gap between rich and poor has also generally increased. In the United States wealthier people tend to receive more income from owning shares of companies, while poor and middle income people get most of their income from wages and salaries. If a company makes more profits by moving its production offshore, those who own its shares will see their incomes rise while those people who lost their jobs will see their income fall. So as the trade deficit has increased, the rich have gotten richer and the poor have gotten poorer.

Construction industry

In construction industry, professionals must be able to follow different rules, policies for designing and building any infrastructure. One of these is the adherence of construction professionals for sustainable design. Accordingly, the practice of enhancing the efficiency of the buildings and their use of water, materials, and energy as well as reduction of building impact on the health of the people and the environment is called sustainable designing or also known as sustainable building.In doing so, the authorities responsible for green building adhere to this needs by conducting an effective and efficient complete building life cycle which include better sitting, designing, constructing, operation, maintenance and removal (Hopkins, 2002). Sustainable design brings together an immense array of approaches and practices to decrease or completely eliminate the negative effects of buildings on the environment.Accordingly, sustainable design can be defined as structures or buildings wh ich have minimum or low adverse effects on both natural and build environment as well as the immediate surroundings and the wider regional and global setting. The adherence of sustainable design can affect my career in many ways. First, sustainable design trends in terms of methods and materials may have a great influence on how I consider the materials and methods that I can use for sustainable designing.being a professional who adheres to the trends of sustainable or green building I can say that this concept affects me in thinking about how the construction materials and methods will affect the occupants. Herein, I am able to determine quality and the conditions of the materials and anticipate its impacts on the health of the occupants.Secondly, this context affects my career in a way that I can be able to be more competitive I using materials which has natural benefit to the design, In this regard, I can be able to be more resourceful and environmental friendly by fitting the co nstruction and its design procedures into the natural environment (Jones, 1998) in order to take advantage of existing free benefits like heat and light from the sun, the shading from the trees as well as the insulation from hillside topography in order to decrease the land impact and the need for non-renewable resources or wasteful use of resources.Lastly, my career can be affected by sustainable design in a way that it will help me broaden my knowledge in identifying the most appropriate and environmental-friendly technological and technical equipments. Some scholars believed that even if technology can enable people to gain sustainability, it also have the capacity to harm the environment if it will not be used cautiously.Hence, being a professional, I can be able to determine which can be used in the sustainable designing. Reference Jones, DL 1998. Architecture and the Environment, Woodstock and New York: The Overlook Press Hopkins, R. 2002. A Natural Way of Building. Transition Culture.

A Beautiful & Efficient City Developed in the United States

Portland is one of the most beautiful and efficient cities ever developed in the United States. It is surrounded by the rich soil and forestry as well as the mountains and rivers that Oregon has to offer. From personal experiences, I can tell you that it is one of the most breathtaking picturesque places in the Country. However, developers see this place as an asset to their financial prosperity rather than a peaceful place. They want to continue with the latest trend by developing more shopping complexes outside of the city. And not only that but, also destroy historical buildings downtown for an expressway. Oregon†s rich country and growth are becoming a threat to its own well being. That is why it is necessary for Oregon to continue with their zoning laws. In attempt to rescue their city in 1978, they approved the nation†s first directly elected metropolitan government, which coordinated the growth-management plans of three counties and twenty-four municipalities in the Portland metropolitan region. This government set aside an area of 234,000 acres which would be solely used for developing for the next 20 years. Everything else would be left for nature. That government would also look over each development plan in that area before it was constructed. This ensured nothing would be too drastic and ruin the atmosphere of the city. As a matter of fact the city was developed so that no buildings would block the view of Mount Hood, and so that no skyscrapers would run up against the river†s edge. Transportation was another problem for Oregon. The developers were constantly trying to demolish historic buildings to make way for freeways. Mayor Goldschmidt†s response was, â€Å"But in the rush to grab federal highway funds, cities built highways indiscriminately, against their long term interests, paving the way toward decentralization, disinvestment, and ultimate decay (Moe and Wilkie 220). † Instead, Portland wanted to do something else with their funds. Portland did not want little parking lots filling the city from all of the cars coming from the suburbs. Goldschmidt†s words were, â€Å"We have a downtown plan, an economic study, that says don†t have these little, small postage-stamp lots. They†re bad for circulation. They†re bad for air quality. And they frustrate the parkers who expect to find parking when they get to these lots, but there isn†t any there (Moe and Wilkie). † Instead they constructed a fifteen-mile light-rail line to the eastern suburbs in the 1980†³s. It was free for the users in the downtown zone. Within fifteen years, employment rose from under 60,000 in 1970, to over 100,000 in 1995. The restoration of downtown Portland was the key ingredient their success. Owners of downtown structures that were rotting were given a tax break on those buildings in order for the people to be able to afford restoring them. Then one developer and property owner, Bill Naito, donated a huge space of land right downtown for a Saturday Market. This Saturday Market gave people a chance to walk the streets and shop around for art, music, instruments, clothing, and other novelties. It brought the community together. Though sprawl could not be avoided, it is possible to control it. Portland designed its outer suburbs so most things would be in walking distance. This would keep the city clean of autos and congestion. From personal experience I can tell you that Portland is a city worth saving. Its downtown atmosphere welcomes you and gives you a comfortable setting. You can see the wonders of nature and breathe clean air while in the city. Everything is also accessible without a car. These things are not worth throwing away. Developers are trying to erase Portland†s identity and create another no-name metropolis which launders the own developer†s money. It is the same deal with the residents of the north Virginia Piedmont. These Virginians do not need a Disney theme park or the expressway that is attached to it. That historic land is there for a reason, for us to remember our past and keep our identity. When that is destroyed so is our heritage. People need to have pride in their environment, otherwise it will go to waste. Portland takes care of it is people and of its environment. That is why it is such a prosperous community. Many well-respected people have commented on the beauty of the city. Why let it be ruined for large buildings only to be made vacant in a matter of decades? The city has thrived successfully without the aid of major developments, thus demonstrating that major developments are not needed for every city. And Portland is a city that should stay free.

General Haig Essay Example

General Haig Essay Example General Haig Essay General Haig Essay Soldiers during the First World War may have felt that their Generals and Commanders just ordered them around and never helped in the actual fighting and the battles of the First World War. They may have felt angry and frustrated because of this. However the Generals job was to teach and order soldiers how to fight and why to fight for their country, and not to go to war and have the possibility of dieing. Other soldiers may have felt some respect for the Generals as they have already provided service to their country, and felt the need to obey them. Source A is from the British magazine called Punch. It shows us a cartoon of a General addressing his man in a rehearsal before an attack behind enemy lines. Beneath the cartoon is a dialogue box which illustrates what is happening in the picture explaining that the Major General is saying that there are three essential differences between the rehearsal and the real thing. This is a quote take from the extract including the main punch line and explanation of the cartoon; There are three essential differences. First, the absence of the enemy. Now (turning to the Regimental Sergeant-Major) what is the second difference? The absence of the General, Sir. This suggests that the British magazines view of soldiers attitudes towards their Generals was that they felt abandoned and unjust because the commanders wont be joining them in battle, but also that the man expects that their commanders not to be in an attack with them. The purpose of the cartoon was to show and give the message to the British public about the attitudes of British soldiers. : This source is not very useful to a historian studying attitudes of British soldiers to their commanders during the First World War because it is form a British magazine and not is not an actual written reference. Also it has no factual evidence that it happened and is only a matter of the person who drew its point of view. However there is fictional dialogue from a soldier talking to his commander, which has probably tried to be accurate even though it is through the cartoonists point of view. Source B is from the TV show Blackadder Goes Forth from the BBC. It tells us that the character Captain Blackadder is sarcastically telling his fellow men about what is going to happen to them. He says that the General Insanity Melchitt invites them to a mass slaughter. This shows that Captain Blackadder feels that the General is insane in sending them out to battle which will ultimately end up in death. Also it quotes Were going over the top after sitting here since Christmas 1914, during which millions of men have died and weve advanced no further than an asthmatic ant carrying some heavy shopping. This suggests that the soldiers attitude (in this case Captain Blackadder) towards their commander is that he feels that the war is pointless and they havent moved anywhere at all due to the Generals decision making. It uses this language and context because it is taken from a comedy programme about the First World War. The purpose of the programme and the extract was to show the attitudes of soldiers in the First World War towards their commanders in a comical way. This source is quite useful to a historian studying attitudes of British soldiers to their commanders during the First World War because it is from a trusted and well known and respected source in Britain (The BBC). On the other hand it has fictional context and is supposed to be a comedy show which probably exaggerates the truth and is sarcastic. Source C is from a quote in the newspaper, The Daily Telegraph, November 1998 written by the son of Field Marshal General Haig, Earl Haig. It tells us that Earl thinks its time that his father should be praised and given credit for his role and job and the victories he achieved in the First World War. It says that he thinks he was one of the greatest men in the twentieth century and not a callous, uncaring man when in fact he was a very humane man. He also says When the old soldiers who fought in the war were alive, I never heard a word of criticism from them. It is in more recent times that it has come. This tells us that he heard that nothing was said about his father until more recent times instead of from the people who were actually in the war. This shows its problems because people might have lied to him and agreeing with him that his father was doing the right thing. It then later says that many of the people who pour scorn his father and the way of the war dont know the first thing about it and that serious historians are now coming to the view that the war had to be fought to end it. This suggests that he thinks that historians now know why it had to be fought that way and people cannot judge what happened without strong evidence that they do. The message he is trying to put across is that his father did the right thing and if historians want to know the real views about soldiers attitudes towards their commanders, they should listen to him because he is his son and has heard from people who fought in the war there views on his father. This source is very useful to a historian studying the attitudes of British soldiers to their commanders during the First World War because it is from a respect broadsheet newspaper and is an extract from General Haigs son. This helps because obviously General Haigs son would know a lot more about his won fathers characteristics and ideas more than most people. It has lots of dialogue and is a serious account. It actually states about the soldiers views and attitudes towards their commanders. However it is slightly biased because it is written by General Haigs son, which does mean that his son could be backing up and supporting his father and possibly lying to the newspaper in order to back up his father, who he respects. In conclusion, sources A to C are useful to a historian studying the attitudes of soldiers to their commanders in World War One because they all show in some way, the views of soldiers on their commanders. Source C is most useful to a historian because it is the most reliable source out of the 3 and contains more facts than the other two. Source A is limited to historians because it is a picture with speech written underneath about one persons view on soldiers attitudes towards their commanders. They all have uses to historians as they are all very different and can all be used for historians studying the attitudes of soldiers to their commanders in World War One. 2) General Douglas Haig was Britains commander-in-chief during the Somme battle and took much criticism for the sheer loss of life in this battle. He put his belief into one final mighty push against the Germans to be destroyed in the Somme region of France. The French had been asking for some form of military assistance from the British to help them in their battle with the Germans at Verdun, and so Haig had helped them, thus helping to win World War One. However different people think different things about General Haig. Some think that he was a skilled soldier like John Keegan whereas others think Haig was reluctant to the consequences of his battle tactics. People criticize him for his belief in the simple advance of infantry troops on enemy lines, which included the loss of 20,000 allied soldiers killed on day one and 40,000 injured making it the bloodiest day in British military history. Source C is an extract from the British broadsheet newspaper, The Daily Telegraph and was written in November 1998, by the son of Field Marshal General Haig, Earl Haig. It tells us that Earl thinks its time that his father should be praised and given credit for his role and job and the victories he achieved in the First World War. Earl writes I think the serious historians are now coming to the view that the war had to be fought to the end. This suggests that he believes that some historians are getting the idea of his father wrong and is also persuading historians that the war had to be fought to the end by using the phrase serious historians. Meaning, those who do not have that view are not serious about the history of his father General Haig. This source therefore does support Keegans interpretation of Haig. However, this source is not entirely reliable because it is a one-sided biased point of view of General Haig, because it is simply from his son who supports his father no matter what others say about him. It is still quite useful though as it does entirely back John Keegans view on General Haig because it shows that people who fought in the war never criticised General Haig and it is in more modern times people believe that General Haig was a bad person in the world of the British military. Source D is a poster which is called Your Country Needs Me taken from the book General Haigs Private War. It shows a caricature of General Haig pointing towards himself mimicking the famous poster of Lord Kitchener and Uncle Sam pointing at the person reading it. The poster has the words Your Country needs me l like a hole in the head which is what most of you are going to get. The word me is in very large bold letters compared to the other ones to get the point of the poster across to the person viewing it. This suggests that the person who made it believes that General Haig should not be the commander-in-chief for the British army during that point in time because he is leading them towards death and is a mocking General Haig in doing so. It shows us this by General Haig pointing at himself and using the phrase like a hole in the head which is what most of you are going to get showing that the person who drew this poster believes that if you joined General Haig you will almost certainly die. This source therefore does not support Keegans interpretations of Haig. However, this source is not entirely reliable because again it is a one-sided point of view and is produced in a way that is rebellious, comical way which mocks General Haig. Although it is still quite useful because it shows what other peoples views are about General Haig, giving another side to the story. Source E is three different extracts form Haigs diary showing his own view on the Battle of The Somme and trench warfare. It tells us Haigs views prior to the Battle of the Somme, the day before the Battle of the Somme and the day of the Battle of the Somme. Haigs view in the first extract written prior to the Battle of the Somme in June 1916 is very realistic which says things like The nation must be taught to bear losses and The nation must be prepared to see heavy casualty lists. This suggests that Haig knew what will happen on the day of the Battle of the Somme, and that it will be a day in which Britain will lose many lives informing people that they should be prepared for what is about to happen. The second extract written on 30th June 1916, the day before the attack began is a very reassuring and generally good message about the soldiers welfare and mind state. It says The men are in splendid spirit and The barbed wire has never been so well cut nor the artillery preparation so thorough. This suggests Haig is full of confidence and believes he is doing the right thing because of the things soldiers have said about him and has been done in preparation. It gives this impression also by the language and context used in the extract. The final third extract written on the 1st of July 1916, the day of the Battle of the Somme is quite unreliable because it shows almost what is a frightened message written in denial of what is happening. The extract says that the attack was very successful and everything went like clockwork. This shows some truth because the attack was successful but was also the worst and bloodiest day in British military history and all did definitely not go like clockwork due to the extreme levels of death and what could be said poor battle tactics. It also says Our troops are in wonderful spirits and full of confidence. That phrase is very unreliable because General Haig wasnt even there, therefore he would not know about the soldiers feelings. This source therefore does support Keegans interpretation of Haig. However, this source is not entirely reliable because it is all written by General Haig himself and in most cases he will be one-sided to support his ideas and the consequences of them, whether the outcome is bad or good. The source does have limited information because General Haig wasnt there and cannot give a full image and brief of what really is going on. It is still very useful though for John Keegan to back up his interpretations of General Haig as it is written by the man himself, also it gives reliable information like those realistic points of view in the first extract. Source F is from Great Battles of World War 1, written by a modern historian, Anthony Livesey, published in 1989. It tells us about how General Haig was silent, humourless and reserved but also was shrewd, ambitious and had great self confidence. It says Perhaps his greatest failing was his constant, often misplaced optimism, which seemed to stem from his belief that he had been chosen by God to serve his country. This shows us that Livesey only wants to suggest his ideas about Haig as a military commander and places ideas about why Haig chose to battle the way he did, and why he never seemed to give up hope. The last sentence It was probably this inability to recognise defeat that led to his continuing attacks on the Somme and Passchendaele, tells us that Livesey has a clear guess at why Haig would continue the attacking in places like Somme to end the war. Overall it is giving both sides of the argument and gives the point of view from a modern historian. This source therefore does and does not support Keegans interpretation of Haig. However, this source is not entirely reliable because these are all probable ideas from one man, and they are his conclusions as of what Haig was and why he did things in the way he did. It is still quite useful though as it does support Keegans interpretations in some ways, but justifies reasons why Haig did things with his misplaced optimism and inability to recognise defeat. This affects the way Keegans interpretations of Haig by downgrading the reasons for Haigs actions. Source G is from the War Memoirs of David Lloyd George, published after the war and written by the British Prime Minister David Lloyd George. It tells us that Lloyd George tried to shift the blame over to Haig. It also tells us about the pride he has for his people The tale of these battles s the story of the million who would rather die than call themselves cowards even to themselves. This suggests that he is proud to be part of a nation where millions of British people would rather die than call themselves and there nation cowards. The source is very anti Haig/General in the sense that he says and also the two or three individuals who would rather the million perish than they as leaders should admit, that they were blunderers. And My only justification is that Haig promised not to press attack if it became clear that he could not attain his objectives by continuing the offensive. This suggests that he is trying to shift the blame of the tragedies of the war as Prime Minister over to the leaders of the military, in particular, General Haig. This source therefore does not support Keegans interpretation of Haig. However this source is not entirely reliable because it is written by the British Prime Minister who obviously does not want to make himself look bad and a disgrace to the country, willing enough to blame it on someone else if needs be. It is still quite useful though as it provides the thoughts of the leader of the country and gives some amount of evidence against Keegans interpretations. Source H is an extract from the official biography Haig, by Duff Cooper. Cooper was asked by Haigs family to write this book. It tells us that there can surely be only one opinion which is, if Haig refused to fight then it would of meant the abandonment of Verdun to its fate and the breakdown of co-operation with the French. This suggests that Cooper thinks that Haig had to give battle on Somme and that it is the only opinion of Haig and the Battle of the Somme. This source therefore does support Keegans interpretation of Haig. However, this source is not entirely reliable because Cooper may be linked to the Haig family if they asked him to write it, because of his views on Haig and the battles he commanded, showing that the source is slightly biased. It is still quite useful though as it is positive evidence towards John Keegans interpretations and it is also reliable because it is from the official biography of General Haig, which gives yet another view about Haigs actions. Source J is from The Times, a well known British broadsheet newspaper. It was written on the 10th May 1917 (after the Somme) and contains a one column article from the Rheinisch Westfalische Zeitung which is a German newspaper. It tells us that it is a German tribute to Sir D. Haig. This source is very pro German and constantly but discretely tries to offend Great Britain, and England in particular. It says Field-Marshal Haig is certainly one of the ablest generals of contemporary England, and like the majority of able Britons is of Scottish descent, by saying that the writer is saying that more able British people are usually Scottish, and not English. This is an example of the Germans offending the English by saying Scotland is more superior. Also it says that he is apparently the best man Great Britain has to set against her enemies, but his energy and eagerness to attack have not proved equal to the German art of defence will certainly make all of Germany very satisfied. This suggests that the British do not have anything to offer that is as good as the German defence making the German people happy because they are suggested better than the British. This source therefore does not support Keegans interpretation of Haig. However, this source is not entirely reliable because it is written by Germans who will not diminish their country and will make out that the British have nothing worthy against them. It is still quite useful; though as it gives a German point of view and shows what Germany think about Haig, instead of just British points of view. Source K is from an article by S. Warburton published in Hindsight: GCSE Modern History review in April 1998. It shows us a balanced account of Haig and clearly showing both sides of the arguments; was Haig ultimately, victorious or did he make a mistake by taking battle on the Somme. It also states that Haig should not be blamed for the failings of the British war efforts, because it puts too much of a burden of guilt on one man, meaning that Warburton feels that Haig was wrongfully accused of the British military failings. It says Haig was the product of his time, of his upbringing, education, training and previous military experience. On argument goes that he was, ultimately, victorious and, even if he had been replaced, would there have been anyone better for the job? This suggests to us that Warburton thinks that Haig was brought up the right way during his time and shows one side of the argument but also hinting that he feels was there really anyone better for the job. This source therefore does support Keegans interpretation of Haig. However, this source is not entirely reliable because it was published in 1998, whereas there is more sufficient evidence in present day. It is still very useful though as it is written for a GCSE Modern History review book, written by a historian which gives a sense of trust and factual evidence towards Keegans interpretations. Source L is an extract from General Haigs Special Order Of The Day which was issued to every member in the British Armed Forces and written. It tells us about what is expected and what every soldier must follow. It says Victory will belong to the side that holds out the longest. There is no other course open but to fight it out. Every position must be held to the last man. There must be no retirement. With our backs to the wall and believing in the justice of our cause each one of us must fight on to the end. This strongly suggests that General Haig thought that victory will only be received, if the British stuck it out the longest even though there would be many deaths and casualties, there must be no giving up, or backing out and that every man shall hold every position and fight to the end until the enemy is destroyed. This source therefore does support Keegans interpretation of Haig. However, this source is not entirely reliable because it was written by General Haig and therefore biased and was also issued after the bloodiest day in history, the Battle of the Somme. It is still very useful though as it a written document issued to every member in the British Armed Forces by General Haig. This supports Keegan because it is sufficient evidence to back up his interpretations. In conclusion, sources C to L do provide sufficient evidence to support John Keegans statement that Haig was a highly skilled soldier. Throughout the sources more of them give evidence to back up Keegans interpretations than go against them. Most of the sources do support Keegans interpretations because they are written by people involved with Haig or historians. For instance, the quote Haig was the product of his time, of his upbringing, education, training and previous military experience. On argument goes that he was, ultimately, victorious and, even if he had been replaced, would there have been anyone better for the job? , is written by a modern historian in a book which informs students at GCSE level about General Haig, and does ultimately support John Keegans interpretations.

Amazing Grace essays

Amazing Grace essays Within the next few pages here I intend to address two issues. First I will try to give a personal review of what I saw this book to hold, and second I will try explain the revelence which this book has to the field of Public Administration. First try to picture children in a slum where the squalor in their homes is just as bad as that which is in the streets. Where prostitution is rampant, thievery a common place and murder and death a daily occurrence. Crack-cocaine and heroin are sold in corner markets, and the dead eyes of men and women wandering about aimlessly in the streets of Mott Haven are all to common., Their bodies riddled with disease, disease which seems to control the neighborhood. This is Mott Haven, in New York City's South Bronx, the outback of this American nation's poorest congressional district, also the setting of Jonathan Kozol's disturbing representation of poverty in this country. The stories, which are captured Amazing Grace, are told in the simplest terms. They are told by children who have seen their parents die of AIDS and other disease, by mothers who complain about teenagers bagging dope and loading guns on fire escapes, by clergy who teach the poor to fight injustice and by police who are afraid to answer 911 calls. Kozol seems to be disparage about the situation of the poor in American today, especially when more and more the poor are blamed for being poor. Kozols portrait of life in Mott Haven is gentle and passionate. Even though rats may chew through apartment walls in the homes of Mott Haven, the children still say their prayers at night. What seems to bother Kozol is that many people do not even want to look at this picture of America, but in Amazing Grace he dares us to recognize it does exist. Kozol spent a year wandering through Mott Haven and its neighboring communities; visiting churches, schools, hospitals, parks, and homes. Talking with...

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The History of the Kaleidoscope and David Brewster The kaleidoscope was invented in 1816 by Scottish scientist, Sir David Brewster (1781–1868), a mathematician and physicist noted for his various contributions to the field of optics.  He patented it in 1817 (GB 4136), but thousands of unauthorized copycats were constructed and sold, resulting in Brewster receiving little financial benefits from his most famous invention. Sir David Brewsters Invention Brewster named his invention after the Greek words kalos (beautiful), eidos  (form), and scopos  (watcher). So kaleidoscope roughly translates to beautiful form watcher. Brewsters kaleidoscope was a tube containing loose pieces of colored glass and other pretty objects, reflected by mirrors or glass lenses set at angles, that created patterns when viewed through the end of the tube. Charles Bushs Improvements In the early 1870s, Charles Bush, a Prussian native living in Massachusetts, improved upon the kaleidoscope and started the kaleidoscope fad. Charles Bush was granted patents in 1873 and 1874 related to improvements in kaleidoscopes, kaleidoscope boxes, objects for kaleidoscopes (US 143,271), and kaleidoscope stands. Charles Bush was the first person to mass manufacture his parlor kaleidoscope in America. His kaleidoscopes were distinguished by the use of liquid-filled glass ampules to create even more visually stunning effects. How Kaleidoscopes Work The kaleidoscope creates reflections of a direct view of the objects at the end of a tube, through the use of angled mirrors set at the end; as the user rotates the tube, the mirrors create new patterns. The image will be symmetrical if the mirror angle is an even divider of 360 degrees. A mirror set at 60 degrees will generate a pattern of six regular sectors. A mirror angle at 45 degrees will make eight equal sectors, and an angle of 30 degrees will make twelve. The lines and colors of simple shapes are multiplied by the mirrors into a visually stimulating vortex.

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Five Year Strategic Plan - Essay Example The plan would entail the leadership curve. The medical staff must know that unity of command is of utmost essence under such equations. It will make sure that the staff knows exactly who to follow and what kind of principles and duties lie upon their entireties. Leadership instills in the staff a sense of comprehension that they must work to their end limits and give in their best time and again. There is no room for any hiccups and this must never be realized upon at any level (Owen, 1990). This is the reason why employees should always look up to their seniors whenever they believe that they are in confusion or doubt, and seek prior approval of tasks from the leaders who are in charge of the peculiar situations. Moving on to the next phase of this plan, as a chief executive of the medical center, I need to devote more time towards the different tasks which take place under my eyes. This is because my vision will lead the way for a number of steps that shall take place within the medical facility. If I am not adhering to following the standards, then this would only mean that there is a transgression of sorts which must be resolved at the earliest. My undertakings would let the people know where the anomalies occur and how best to remove them as soon as possible. The plan would also discuss the ethical considerations which must be significantly outlined as far as this medical center’s activities and operations are concerned. This is because ethics is the core basis of the medical and health profession and it cannot be denied its due right. The patients who are most needy and who look forward to receiving medical help and assistance should always be given facilitation no matter where they belong from, what kind of living standards they have or which ethnic minorities they are a part of (Morrison, 2011). This ethical debate has been

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Creating_Financing_Marketing A Bussiness - Assignment Example Equity funding includes partners’ contributions, ploughed back profit, offers for the shares, personal contributions, and gifts, while debt funding includes loans from financial institutions, insurance companies and government agencies (Hatten, 2011). Managerial accounting can help managers with product costing, incremental analysis, and budgeting by providing necessary accounting information such as costs, cost variance and forecasts to aid managerial decision making in determining and regulating costs as well as in budgeting (Debarshi, 2011). The marketing process defines the target market for the clothes, quantifies its potential, and evaluates the value of satisfying the potential. The process also includes communication of the determined information to management and evaluation of delivered clothes to the market and initiated response (McDonald and Wilson, 2011). Social responsibility establishes a friendly relationship between an organization and its market towards acceptance of the organization’s products while technology facilitates efficiency and effectiveness of marketing initiatives (Hatten,

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Management Principle of Nike - Essay Example This essay is aimed to help the redaer to understand how a strategic objective could be attained through change in collective and individual behaviour of the employees of Nike. The researcher discusses and analyzes two cases, that are involving Nike company. In the first, we will know how the company should design its travel policy based on the existing policy and the feedback coming from the senior managers. The second one will discuss the pay and reward system of Nike to determine whether there is basis to adapt Nike’s approaches as prescribed in the case facts? In both cases, the approach is to answer the guide questions that were made part of part of case facts. The researcher states that the designs must understand human nature; in this case, the perceptions, attitudes and behaviour of their employees as far as company-designed programs are concerned. Nike must involve them if possible. For managers, they are supposed to know more than the ordinary employees do and they m ust take the brunt for knowing and applying the necessary management principle in Nike. The researcher also presents the strong relationship of the analysis and the recommendation that he gives. Managers are said to be leaders and leaders are good followers first. It is also concluded that managers of Nike company must follow policies but before it could so, they must make those policies in travel, pay and reward systems clear by communicating through proper channels in the most effective and professional manner.

Asssigment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Asssigment - Essay Example The management regularly deducts the pension contributions from the employee’s salaries. Another pension plan version occurs when the company contributes the entire amount to a lump sum pension fund account. Consequently, the employee can select a plan that generates a higher retirement benefit return. Investing in a riskier pension fund will increase retirement benefit returns. The employee can also choose another plan where the investments are funneled into a safer fund that generates a lesser benefit return (Kieso et al., 2006). Additionally, the employee can choose to receive the retirement amount in one lump amount or the employee can decide to receive the retirement amount in equal monthly installment amounts. The second method allows the retiree to receive the monthly retirement benefits throughout one’s lifetime (Kieso et al, 2006, p. 1244). Funding principles. The fund is also classified as a plan. The fund entity is a separate agency that manages companiesâ₠¬â„¢ pension plans. The fund entity receives the money invested by the company. When the employee retires, the fund company distributes the pension and other retirement benefits. The employer contributes to the pension fund and generates earnings. The employee receives benefits as pension fund recipients. The fund agency accumulates the employers’ contributions as either contributory or noncontributory (Kieso et al., 2006, p. 1244). Defined benefit plan. The defined benefit plan includes the amount of benefits that the employees will receive when they decide or are forced to retire. The state requires that employees are mandatorily required to retire when they reach a certain age. The company allocates a regular amount for the employees’ retirement benefit plan. The benefits are based on the employee’s total pension fund contributions. Likewise, the retirement amounts are based on the salaries of the employees. Employees with higher salaries will receive higher pension retirement benefits when compared to the salaries of the lower ranking line and staff employees (Kieso et al., 2006, p. 1211). Defined contribution plans. Under this plan, the employer contributes a regular amount to the pension trust. A formula is used to decide the monthly contributions. The formula incorporates the number of years of the employee’s work, the company’s business profits, and the salary. The plan indicates the amount that the employers will contribute to the plan. However, the plan does not indicate the amount that the employees will receive as retirement benefits. An example is the 401 (k) plan (Kieso et al., 2006, p. 1244). Pension fund allocation. In terms of the formulation, different companies allocate different pension expense amounts for different pension fund budgets. During 2009, General Motor’s $98,527 pension fund required a $3,405 pension expense. During 2009, the Coca Cola Company’s $3,032 pension fund amounts require d a $218 pension expense budget. During the same accounting period, the Merck company’s $10,835 pension fund needed a $407 pension fund expense (Kieso et al., 2009, p. 1211). Components of pension expense. In terms of formulation, accounting for pension funds entails allocating the cost of the retirement funds to the appropriate accounting period. The service cost forms a part of the pension expense total. The interest on the liability should be added

( KEVs ) Key Environmental Variables of a medium enterprise in a given Essay

( KEVs ) Key Environmental Variables of a medium enterprise in a given industry - Essay Example In that sense, Danone aims at providing natural high quality food to the global market that would assist in building health through all stages of life. As a result, this would cultivate a taste of things that are good for the customers. Danone Groups also has been able to provide products that are adaptable to all the other cultures. This internationalization strategy has been made possible through scientific research. The firm has been able to curve out a big market share globally by embracing various technologies that have enabled the customers to shop for food products through tablet computers and smartphones, as well as other mobile devices. Moreover, the firm has also incorporated traditional sales channels that include telephone, physical stores, and catalogues (Danone, 2013). With regard to the environmental responsibility, the firm is looking for raw materials that are cheaper outside their own market, in addition to being eco-friendly. This means that the firm guarantees the quality, safety, and traceability of the raw materials. Moreover, the firm has come up with policies that would help track and improve working conditions and environmental effects of farming (Danone, 2013). As part of its globalization strategy, the business entity has ensured long-term protection and renewal of water reserves being operated by the group. According to Danone (2012), the Group is also trying to expand its operations globally by having a constant consultation process with various stakeholders at both national and international levels. The consultation initiatives comprises of the government representatives in the country of operation, manufacturers, the civil society, and the environmental bodies, particularly where the aim is to provide clear information for the consumers or responsible behavior in the field of environment

Demand Determination Of Hotel Industry Tourism Essay

Demand Determination Of Hotel Industry Tourism Essay Price of hotel depend upon their services provided and market price of another hotal and thought the hotels will increase their published tariff by 5-10 across the board from October this year. Inflation in food, recession, rupee depreciation which has increased our import cost of products and FB from abroad, and the overall hike in service tax are a few reasons why hotels will hike the published tariff after months. Price provide on the basis of their location and preference of customer. Income of target consumer India occupies the sixty-eighth position among the top tourist destinations in the world for 2011. To encourage the tourism sector, the government in recent times, has taken some measures which will benefit the sector. According to the latest Tourism Satellite Accounting (TSA) research, released by the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), the demand for travel and tourism in India is expected to grow by 8.2 % between 2010 and 2019. This will place India at the third position in the world. Indias travel and tourism sector is expected to be the second largest employer in the world. Capital investment in Indias travel and tourism sector is expected to grow at 8.8 % between 2010 and 2019. And services for all income level of people and services for business class people tourist and vesting people Availability of finance The major source of financing to hotel industry tourism finance cooperation of India (TFCI) has been providing specific project-related services to various clients. It has also undertaken appraisal of individual projects for various state government agencies/individual clients. TFCI has also successfully handled projects involving development of viable project concepts around lakes/water bodies , development of a multi-facility amusement park complex etc TFCI has been providing specific project-related services to various clients. Replacement of demand The demand of the hotel industry is directly connected with global and local economic growth and investor confidence. A strong underlying economy is a pre-requisite for sustained recovery. Unfortunately, the year 2011 has not been a year of economic recovery either in India or globally. After two exceptionally bad years, the global hospitality industry was expected to recover in 2011. Despite encouraging signs in the first half of 2011, there was growing uncertainty during the latter part of the year. As a result, recovery has been fragile during 2011. The situation in India mirrors this overall global trend. Indias rapid economic growth has already set the stage for fundamental changes in the countrys population. With more disposable income, the demand for travel and tourism has also grown. Although, currently domestic tourists constitute a very small chuck of the total tourist pie, the segment is growing. Promotion schemes For attracting more foreign and domestic tourists to India, Department of Tourism has taken up several drives. The objectives of this scheme are, The Scheme aims at enlisting the support of NRIs, preferably NROs to promote Orissa as a preferred destination among their friends and acquaintances. They could be Businessmen, Housewives, Students or any other professional who in their spare time motivate their friends to visit Orissa. They shall be disseminating information on Orissa Tourism and market Orissa Tourism products amongst their friends and relatives along with potential tourists visiting the State. They will be enrolled as Special Tourism Promotion Officers, STPO who will be entitled to get some incentives on the business generated through them while the tourists booked through them will get some discount. Their enrollment will be honorary and they will be only entitled for incentives on the business generated through them. They cannot create any lien or liability on behalf of the State Department of Tourism India Ministry of Tourism would also provide financial assistance to tourism service providers approved by the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India. Excise duty structure In recent years government has taken several steps to boost travel tourism which have benefited hotel industry in India. These include the abolishment of the inland air travel tax of 15%; reduction in excise duty on aviation turbine fuel to 8%; and removal of a number of restrictions on outbound chartered flights, including those relating to frequency and size of aircraft. The governments recent decision to treat convention centres as part of core infrastructure, allowing the government to provide critical funding for the large capital investment that may be required has also fuelled the demand for hotel rooms According to a report, Hotel Industry in India currently has supply of 110,000 rooms and there is a shortage of 150,000 rooms fueling hotel room rates across India. According to estimates demand is going to exceed supply by at least 100% over the next 2 years. Five-star hotels in metro cities allot same room, more than once a day to different guests, receiving almost 24-hour rates from both guests against 6-8 hours usage. With demand-supply disparity, hotel rates in India are likely to rise by 25% annually and occupancy by 80%, over the next two years. This will affect the competitiveness of India as a cost-effective tourist destination. Prospects In the long term, the demand-supply gap in India is very real and that there is need for more hotels in most cities. The shortage is especially true within the budget and the mid market segment. There is an urgent need for budget and mid market hotels in the country as travelers look for safe and affordable accommodation. Various domestic and international brands have made significant inroads into this space and more are expected to follow as the potential for this segment of hotels becomes more obvious. The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) expects growth to continue for the tourism sector in 2012, although at a slower rate. It forecasts international tourist arrivals to grow in the range of 3% to 4% in 2012. WTTC indicates that this growth will be moderate as the bounce-back for tourism destinations that faced specific challenges last year, will be offset by a weaker performance in other countries. Travel tourism in India is expected to perform well in 2012. UNWTO predicts that India will receive 25 million foreign tourists by the year 2015. Despite the economic and political scenarios worldwide, demand for business travel has remained relatively robust. Companies are likely to increase spends and the multiplier effect of healthy salary increases will drive discretionary spending, especially on leisure travel. The affluent segments plan to spend more on travel in 2012, creating opportunities for the hospitality sector in the luxury space Indias room supply pipeline represents 17% of the Asia-Pacific pipeline. It was moving at a CAGR of 10.8% for last 10 years and is now poised to grow at a CAGR of 6% in next 5 years. The intense supply pipeline would be backed by addition of room capacity by all the hotels both in India and Internationally. The supply pipeline would beef up also on account of improved foreign tourist arrivals, corporate travels, etc. International hotels like Carlson, Strawood, Marriot, etc are the ones which have chalked out plans to acquire the sufficient market share, thus, giving a thrust to the Indi an supply pipeline. profile of players in the Industry Best Hotel Chains of India Taj Group of hotels in India: The most popular name that is almost synonymous to hospitality in India is that of the Taj Group. Offering the best hotels across various genres like business hotels, heritage resorts, luxury hotels and even sea resorts, the Taj Group is definitely the best in the field. The Oberoi Group of Hotels in India: One of the most prominent names among the hotel chains of India is the Oberoi Group. It also owns several properties in exotic places like Australia and Mauritius. With its world class facilities and efficient staff to manage and play the perfect Indian hosts, the Oberoi hotels is no doubt a great feather on the grand cap of tourism in India. Hotal leela One of the finest hotel groups in India, with hotels in Mumbai, Bangalore, Goa, Kovalam, Gurgaon, Udaipur and New Delhi, The Leela Palaces, Hotels and Resorts provide the discerning business and leisure travellers with a warm, relaxed and most importantly, memorable stay with an unrivaled fusion of Indian hospitality, world-class service and amenities. Hallmarking the essence of India, at every Leela Hotel, you will find stories that await you at every nook and cranny and the fine line between business hotels and luxury resorts seamlessly merge. The proximity to international airports and central business districts, strategic locations, individuality, and the intrinsic Indian culture and heritage distinguishes the group from the rest.  The Guest is God philosophy truly represents The Leela Palaces, Hotels and Resorts. 5. Distribution channel How the customer books his room can make a big difference to a hotels bottom line. Intermediaries can take a good chunk out the gross amount a guest pays for his overnight. A room booked through a travel agent and the GDS (global distribution system) typically costs the hotel 15% of the reservations total. Contrary to popular belief, third-party websites are no bargain either for the hotelier, as they keep about 13% of a bookings value. So-called merchant websites (such as Priceline.com or Hotwire) which basically buy inventory from hotels usually average a 33% mark-up on the rooms they sell. Bookings arriving via the central reservation system of voluntary chains (such as Minotel) can cream over 25% of the clients original payment between travel agent, tour operator and chain fees. Many tour operators working in mass leisure destinations only pay 50%-60% of the normal room price to the hotelier who is lodging their clients. Fortunately for hoteliers, the predominant distribution channel for hotels remains direct contact with the property (via telephone, fax or e-mail), which, according to Horwaths Worldwide Hotel Industry Study, accounted for 34% of all advance reservations in 2002, but which is down from 38% in 1995 . This proportion varies between 27.5% for hotels in Africa and the Middle East and 40.5% for hotels in Europe. Thus, overnights generated by electronic means of distribution still constitute much less than half of the total at about 24% (includes travel agent and GDS in figure 1 below). Although internet distribution has grown rapidly from (0.8% of the total in 1996 to 3.3% currently, according to Horwath), it is still relatively unimportant. Furthermore, this study predicts a rise to a total of 20% of bookings by internet in 2005, split 11% own website and 9%- third party. Jupiter Media Matrix makes a slightly less optimistic prediction, forecasting the percentage to rise from 7% in 2001 to 16% by 2007. Hotel companies use both rate parity and rate integrity while selling their hotel rooms. Rate parity can be defined as maintaining consistent rates for the same product in all online distribution channels regardless of what commission the OTA makes. The concept of rate integrity isnt as clear cut with some arguing it is simply trust in the fair price of a room.   In general though, rate integrity isnt something concrete; it is something the hotelier must have in mind when setting rates. Whether its maintaining integrity through rate parity by justifying price discounts, avoiding price slashes, or a combination of all these practices, it is important for hoteliers to have a consistent rational rate structure, says Mourier. As hotels compete and try to step up their direct online booking share, its important to assess how rate parity and integrity impact their business. According to Vishal Jain, chief products officer at travel technology company Rate Gain, rate parity affects the distribution partners or channels more while rate integrity affects hotels brand value. He argues that parity issues with your brand site (bigger distribution partners having cheaper better-value offers than your own site) will directly affect brand trust and value but can also lead to loss of business from more profitable channels. It can also lead to decreased visibility on other channels. The trend that parity for hotels seems to be having better deals at large OTA sites is something we have uncovered consistently in the parity reports we publish regularly at Rate Gain, says Jain.   One reason for this could be the extensive parity tracking and automated alert systems that OTAs have successfully put in place to keep hotels on their toes; something the corporate office and brand HQ is unable to do with their own hotels. It gets even harder for those hotel companies that do not own and manage the hotels since they have even less control on the properties but the parity anomalies hurt them both financially as well as with their brands value. Assessing Channels Properly   Regarding parity and rate integrity on retail pricing in both direct and indirect channels, Preferred Hotel Groups Brij Bhushan Chachra who is director, revenue account management in India, Middle East Africa, says each channel needs to be measured on its merits and value proposition it brings to the table. Today each channel has different value propositions and cost structures and as businesses it is important to ensure a company maximizes the same for its hotels. When it comes to OTAs, hotel companies need to work out the total value the business gets in terms of marketing and exposure and not to forget the billboard effect. It is important for hoteliers to safeguard their channels and ensure there is value parity across the board. Chachra defines value as this: the benefit a consumer derives from a product in correlation to price paid to satisfy their individual requirements. In this context, one has to make sure that all segments are priced based on the current demand-supply situation which will yield optimal results from all the segments. There is a need to make efforts to get rid of static rates for all segments and move to dynamic pricing across the board.

directors notebook on a scene :: essays research papers

DIRECTOR'S NOTEBOOK SYNOPSIS As Jon Jon walks in the club, all the attention is drawn on him. The people who are waitin in the line, the people inside , and especially the women. He usually he walks in with his crew but this time he goes to meet up with his long time friend Daquan. They have a quick conversation until JonJon spots one of the most gorgeous women in the club. He uses his deceiving techniques by offering her a drink. She quickly accepts. He then exchanges numbers but then has to leave for unknown reasons. TIMES The Setting takes place in a club where the gang goes every weekend in the downtown area of Manhatten , New York City. It’s July in the summer of 2004. The club is crowded with young adults , inside and out. IMAGERY/TONE The only lights I will have outside the club , are the streetlights and the lights from the cars on the street. I will use dim lights facing toward the characters inside the club to create a real atmosphere with the cameras shooting eye level to make the audience feel as if they were there inside with the characters. THE CORE The crowds or extras will consist of adults between the ages of 18 and 25. Most of the crowd will be mostly young Black and Hispanic men and women. They can all be wearing the latest urban clothing lines to show that this story is believable. The most flashy on them all will be JonJon. On the waiting line I want all eyes drawn on him because he just walks in after greeting to the bouncers. Many women inside wll be drawn to him because of the flattery look on their faces. A couple of women I will use in the background to look at him as if they were talking to each other about the main character. The scene inside the club will be showing the typical club scene that goes on in most cities, which have drinks, bathrooms , bouncers and a V.

Short Story :: Free Essays

Short Story Joe stepped out of the revolving doors. His sigh could easily be identified as one of relief. The dreary London rain could be seen disturbing the image of the people on the other side of the road. People's breath could be seen in the cold air. Many people were hurrying down the street armed with umbrellas like they were defending against the invading rain. Joe put up his umbrella and joined the rest of London rushing down the streets. One guy could be seen running down the road cradling what looked like his only belongings in his arms. He was soaked to the skin with the rain his body visible through his wet shirt. He walked directly into Joe and his papers all fell to the floor. He immediately buckled to one knee to retrieve them. He looked up at Joe and stared at him for while with a look of recognition. He stared for a few extra seconds, then picked up his papers and began running again, leaving with so much as an apology. Joe continued walking down the street and for sum unknown reason he was unable to set his mind free of the image of the man that collided with him. Joe called in the newsagent and the lady behind the counter handed him his cigarettes, to which he placed the exact change on the counter, without a word exchanged between the two. He finally arrived at his block of flats; he walked up the four flights of stairs the walked to his room, 403. Rather than take a key out of his pocket Joe reached above the doorway and grabbed the key from there, he placed it into the lock, opened the door and returned the key to its home. He then switched the light on. The room was plain, simple and more than anything run down. There were only enough utilities for a persons basic needs. The walls were undecorated and damp marks were visible, there were three certificates on the wall, apart from that, they were

Different Tongues

If I ruled the world; which is highly unlikely of course, I would ban all languages except one – Arabic. The majority of you probably disagree but tell me how many of YOU have found yourself in a class with a teacher speaking some alien language to you? Many times, I assume just like me none of you probably enjoyed it, but hated it to bits and thought of the reason as to how and why you ended up in that state. The reason as to why I chose Arabic is that it is an example of different cultures living in one language; how many Arabic countries do you know of? Syria, Saudi Arabia, Libya and the list goes on, well each one of the countries are their own, they have their own culture, own tradition but the same language, so why can't the whole world be like this? How easy would life be? Those of you who think that without different languages you can't have different culture, you can't be unique, well your wrong as trust me people from Iraq are as different to people from Syria as people from America and Africa are, and they don't have different languages, they have one – Arabic, true they may have changed words here and there but it is still the same language – they can understand each other. So now as you were just informed that it is possible to have the same language and a different culture don't you agree with me about having only one tongue, one language, one way of verbal communication the same as everyone else? It was said that there is 6,809 languages in the world – it might be possible. But that is a significant number of languages. Like for example in Afghanistan, where I come from there are two main languages – Pashto and Farsi. But as I discovered a while ago, there are many more languages in Afghanistan only the main is Farsi and Pashto and Afghanistan isn't even a big country. I am sure many of you didn't know that, I being an Afghan didn't even know until my dad informed me. So imagine if one country had many languages than how many are there in the world? IF mankind was united there would only be one and only one language! Now that exam period is here, what are you more focused on? I think the majority of you are focusing on French, Spanish or German; if not then when GCSEs come I am almost certain you will – unless you haven't taken a language or you already know that language as it is your mother tongue. Without this extra weight on our shoulders we could all become top fliers in other more important subjects such as maths and science. As the fact that learning language becomes harder to learn as we grow older is true, and if it weren't true I wouldn't mind languages but as it is true ( and we weren't taught different languages at the age which was easy for us to learn languages) and all the endless lists of vocabulary is near to impossible to learn, I would rather banish all languages off the face of this planet except one, so that no one has to suffer sitting and learning the vocabulary off by heart – just to get accepted into a good university or to obtain a good job. Aren't there far better things to spend our time on? We all have better time consuming occupations than sitting there, pulling our hair out trying to learn a language made because the human race cannot be united. One language can symbolise unity amongst humans. If animals of the same species can achieve that why can't we? Surely we are supposed to be greater than animals, with larger brains, so why don't we have one language in which everybody would be able to communicate with each other, making everyone's lives easier. Allow me to share an account I underwent a few years back, I went on holiday with my family to France, on holiday, it was great only a major thing restricted me and my family having the utmost maximum fun my achievable – different languages. We went there via ship and car, so basically we had to drive to Paris and as my dad had never been there and didn't know the way, as expected we became lost. We asked a few people but like us they had blank confused looks on their faces, as they couldn't understand us and we couldn't understand them, after a long period of time we reached Paris, but we would have reached our destination quicker if we had one language. That was only one problem, there was problems with the hotel, finding our way around to Eiffel Tower, Disney Land, matters got so bad we ended up giving up not going to Disney Land. That wasn't the only place I had gone for holiday to, that I didn't know the language of and that I had problems in. I'm fairly positive the majority of you, have also had an account like this, would you and I have undergone those problems if we all shared one tongue, one language, one way of verbal communication the same as everyone else? Imagine you were an immigrant from another country, to England, you don't know English, your parents don't know English, you moved here because of war, your father is desperately trying to make money for the family, but he is having difficulty as he doesn't know English even though he is educated. Wouldn't there be less racism if there was one tongue, one language, one way of verbal communication the same as everyone else? Wouldn't our lives overall just be easier?

Dear Grandma

Dear Grandma, Hello, how are you? I hope your doing well, I really do miss you. First I think it is amazing that you found this genetic testing kit online, it does sound very interesting. I do want to explain to you how exactly DNA works. According to (Freudenrich, 2013) in order for cells to function in the body, protein needs to be made. DNA regulates a cells activity, and it is able to do this in two particular steps: Transcription, and Translation. Transcription is a process where there is a copy made of one gene within the DNA.Transcription made possible by an enzyme (which is more a complex protein that works to make a chemical change in the body). I hope this is understandable so far. This specific enzyme is called RNA polymerase, I know, there are a lot of complex names. Well, in order for the RNA polymerase to make mRNA (which is the copy) it has to first bind itself to this specific DNA sequence of the gene, which is called the promoter. This unwinds the two DNA strands, an d uses one as a guide. It then matches new nucleotides (which a compound made up of a phosphate group, a sugar and a nitrogenous base. with their complements on the DNA strand and binds them together to form a complementary copy of the original DNA strand which is now called mRNA. This sequence stops when it reaches a stop codon (which is basically a nucleotide that tells the process to stop). The next process is translation where ribosomes in cells manufacture proteins. The mRNA that was made is then decoded by these ribosomes in order to make a certain amino acid chain, which is called a polypeptide. This polypeptide will then become a protein. Now that I have explained this, I should talk about how diseases can come about.In DNA, there could be an alteration of the sequences of bases. This alteration is called a mutation, which can cause a change in the DNA structure and therefore the way the proteins are being produced in the translation process. For example Grandma, one disease that can be found by genetic testing is cystic fibrosis. Cystic Fibrosis is the disease that our cousin Jake has. He was diagnosed when he was five years old. Cystic Fibrosis is a disease that affects the lungs mostly and sometimes the intestine, liver, and pancreas. It causes difficulty of breathing from lung infections.Although it is treatable, it can get worse. If it does get worse, lung transplant is the last option. The reason a person would want to be tested for this because it is a hard thing to deal with in life. A lot of people, especially younger kids can’t participate in sports, or leave their bed. What kind of life would that be? The reason that some tests determine that you will definitely have a disease and that for some diseases will show if you have likelihood or not because some genetic disorders can be inherited, and some only develop in life according to (Humanillnesses 2013).In addition, some genetic disorders develop due to radiation or chemicals in the world. You know, I will honestly say there are advantages and disadvantages to this at-home genetic test kits. One advantage is that you do not have to make or have many appointments with a specialist of some sort to find this information out. It will take quicker to find the results and you won’t have to waste money on gas, and you will save time. Another advantage is that this allows people their genetic disorder information. This benefits the whole world; it benefits myself if I were to use it.It would also benefit me by knowing what my family, friends and significant others are likely to have. One disadvantage of these kits is that would they be accurate? Would we be able to accurately read this information and understand it by ourselves at home? I thought of this because in (Janice Lloyd 2012) article, she was describing how at home tests are unreliable. I don’t think I would be able to completely trust this product in a topic this important. Another disadvantage is that I’m sure there will be competition between companies about this at- home genetic testing kit. How will I know which companies are fake, or real?Or, how expensive will these kits become? I know you said these kits are apparently $100, but I’m sure if these kits become more popular they will rise in cost. That’s not fair for other families that won’t have this type of money to spend, which creates another problem for the health care issue as described by (Janice Lloyd, 2012) in another article. It mentions that it may be difficult for families to get long term, or life long insurances for some conditions. In a more detailed note, I do believe that companies should also freely market tests for conditions that cannot be cured.I think knowledge is power. So if more people are aware that they will definitely have a certain disease or that their children might have them, there will be, as a result, a more desirable cure for them. Therefore, a louder call for research to be taken place, because after all necessity is the mother of invention. Grandma, after writing the above to you, I will most likely choose to be genetically tested. I want to know if I have some horrible disease in my future. If I had something like Huntington disease, I would choose not to have children.I wouldn’t want to know that I had it and then have a child that tests positive for it and can’t live their life. It wouldn’t be right for me to do that. It’s not fair for any of my future children if this was the case. Bibliography: How DNA Works. (n. d. ). HowStuffWorks. Retrieved April 12, 2013, from http://science. howstuffworks. com/life/cellular-microscopic/dna5. htm Cystic Fibrosis. (n. d. ). Wikipedia. Retrieved April 13, 2013, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cystic_fibrosis Cystic Fibrosis. (n. d. ). Wikipedia. Retrieved April 12, 2013, from http://www. umanillnesses. com/original/Gas-Hep/Genetic-Diseases. html#b#ixzz2QOz8WqZ g Genetic testing and disease: Would you want to know?. (n. d. ). USA Today. Retrieved April 12, 2013, from http://usatoday30. usatoday. com/news/health/story/2012-04-09/genetic-testing-huntingtons-disease/54475708/1#. T9e3-dCAwCI. email Genetic testing: Does Kristen Powers have mom's fatal gene?. (n. d. ). USA Today. Retrieved April 12, 2013, from http://usatoday30. usatoday. com/news/health/story/2012-06-02/huntingtons-genetic-testing-followup/55345096/1? loc=interstitialskip

Customer relationship management

Customer relationship is not a new concept; companies have been interacting and dealing with customers since the inception of trade. Earlier more focus and attention was on product and services instead of customer centric. With increase in competition because of globalization and usage of internet changed the picture of business. Customers have variety to choose from, more knowledge about the companies and products surely has titled power at customers’ side. With this scenario, companies realize the need of treating customers with utmost care. Therefore, searching for innovative ways to manage relationships effectively, not only to acquire new customers but also to retain the existing one. â€Å"CRM is the process of managing detailed information about individual customers and carefully managing all the customer ‘touch points’ with an aim of maximum customer loyalty† Acquiring new customers can cost five times more than costs involved in satisfying and retaining current customers. More companies are recognizing the importance of satisfying and retaining customers, which constitute the company’s relationship capital To retain the customers’ better approach is to deliver high customer satisfaction. Customer relationship management is about taking a long term approach to building relationships with customers. In olden days, business people and organizations would know their customer base from seeing them on a daily basis and learning their preference based on the relationship they shared with the customers. CRM is emerged as critical for organization in 1960’s where marketers found that 4p’s of marketing framework-product, price, place and promotion were less valuable without ongoing relationships with customers. Companies started putting customers in the middle of marketing program. In early days of CRM, there was no technology to support what companies were doing. CRM is not new, over the years companies has had to figure out how to build relationships with customers and lead to brand loyalty. The goal in CRM is to evolve from a mass marketing model, which was on product centric market structure to customer centric structure. Managing customer relationships successfully means learning about the habits and needs of your customers anticipating future buying patterns, finding new opportunities to add value to the relationship. Successful companies make the relationship something the customer values more than anything else they could receive from the competition. Company experience with customer not only with transactions but also with interaction like website visit, phone, call center and by direct mail. CRM helps in developing marketing programs that make sense to each customer segment, support cross-selling and customer retention programs, help to maximize the value of each customer’s interaction and deliver a consistent branding message by aligning products and services within each channel. CRM provides an integrated view of a company’s customer to every one in the organization so that customer can be serviced effectively. CRM helps companies to gather and access information about the customers’ buying histories, preferences, complaints. It allows tracing the needs of the customers and means to satisfy them effectively. The following are the aims of CRM: †¢ Increase efficiency of the organization †¢ Ability to provide quicker response to customer queries and complaints †¢ Getting insight of customer needs †¢ Providing more cross-selling opportunities †¢ Organized information to manage and lead †¢ Reduction in cost and increase in productivity †¢ Receiving customer feedback †¢ Providing common platform for customer communication and interaction. Today consumers are more educated, more and better informed, more technology savvy coupled with increase competition in the market. Organization needs to build a system which allows you to track, capture and analyze the millions of customer activities, both interactions and transactions, over a long period of time. This helps in creating promotions, developing new products and designing communication programs to attract and retain customers. By 1980s â€Å"relationship marketing â€Å"was used to describe this new focus of understanding customer segments, delivering ongoing quality service and high customer satisfaction. In 1990s computer systems were deployed to support sales and service process. Sales force automation system evolved while customer service and support systems became backbone of automated call centers. By late 1990s increase in internet usage supported e-business applications to manage online customer and partner relationships, called as e-CRM and partner relationship management. CRM emerged as discipline of set of discrete software and technologies that focus on automating and improving the business processes associated with and improving the business processes associated with managing customer relationships in the areas of sales, marketing, customer-service and support. Customer relationship management applications are most active software available to the organizations. Three converging trends have enabled the emergence of CRM applications as a major force in the market place. The fist trend is the availability of robust, scale decision support technology. This helps companies collect vast quantities of data from multiple, heterogeneous sources, such as accounting, manufacturing, human resources, sales force automation, and customer service applications. This provides the technological foundation for building a consolidated enterprise wide view of the customer. The second trend is the emergence of front-office applications. This focus on the sales and the marketing departments, and essentially transactional in nature. The third trend is the emergence of the one-to-one marketing phenomenon has helped companies to have their marketing activities focus on customer, rather than on their products, distributors, sales force or suppliers. Now â€Å"Multi channel CRM† systems available to support direct, internet and partner channels, while allowing users to use whatever mode of communication they are pleased. CRM started with marketing era focusing on customer needs and wants and satisfying it effectively which drive changes in the organization and work processes. It must start with a business strategy. CRM is really about using tools not only to achieve the personal relationships business but even to predict and serve the future needs. Major support and change came for CRM is technology break through since two decade which played a significant part in not only managing good relationship with customers but also with the partners of the organizations.